Rabat, Morocco - Anger over poverty is simmering in Morocco,
where popular protests against the high cost of living and
unemployment occur regularly, sometimes leading to clashes and
injuries.
'It is more and more difficult for the poorest to manage,'
sociologist Jamal Khalil warned.
Poverty has long been known to be a time bomb threatening the
kingdom's stability, but liberal economic reforms have been unable to
solve problems rooted in social as well as economic structures, and a
sixth of the 30 million population still lives below the official
poverty level.
At first sight, Morocco's economic performance does not look bad,
with the gross domestic product (GDP) expected to grow by up to 6.8
per cent this year.
About 1.2 million jobs have been created over five years, and
Morocco is managing to control its economic mechanisms such as a
budget deficit running at about 3 per cent, Economy Minister
Salaheddine Mezouar said recently.
Yet growth remains largely dependent on the volatile factor of
rainfall, with agriculture still contributing 15 per cent of the GDP
and employing 45 per cent of the population.
While the government has launched a 'Green Plan' to improve
agricultural productivity, some experts feel semi-arid Morocco should
question its entire 'agricultural vocation.'
The most dynamic economic sectors include tourism which earned
Morocco 4.6 billion dollars (3 billion euros) in 2005.
Large-scale infrastructure projects such as the new port in
Tangier stand in a stark contrast to remote rural areas, where people
living without electricity still trek long distances with donkeys to
fetch water.
Rural poverty sparked an exodus to urban areas whose population
has now surpassed the rural one.
Yet with unemployment officially running at 9.6 per cent, young
men of rural origin find themselves loitering in city slums where
they can fall prey to Islamist extremists or people-smugglers selling
dangerous sea crossings to rich Europe.
The unemployed also include tens of thousands of university
graduates, who demonstrate alongside citizens affected by recent food
price hikes linked to international fuel prices.
Discontent has spread, with citizens' associations staging rallies
to demand better living conditions and trade unions calling strikes.
Factors such as lack of transparency, of judicial guarantees and
fear of political instability have discouraged foreign investment,
while large parts of the economy remain stifled by the control
exercised over them by the political elite.
'Entire sectors' of the economy serve as sources of income for the
privileged class without being submitted to free market rules,
economist Najib Akesbi said.
King Mohammed VI and his family control the most farmland and the
main companies in the industrial, services, commercial, distribution
and export sectors mainly through the gigantic ONA conglomerate,
Akesbi told the Spanish daily La Vanguardia.
The lack of sufficient economic dynamism has led to large-scale
emigration, with Moroccans living in Europe and elsewhere sending
home a whopping 5.7 billion dollars in 2007.
Another major source of foreign currency is the illegal cannabis
cultivation, which persists in the impoverished northern Rif region
despite successful campaigns to eradicate it in nearby provinces.
Morocco remains one of the world's top hashish producers, with an
estimated 60,000 hectares under cultivation.
Powerful drug lords bribe politicians, officials and police
officers to be able to take their produce by speedboats over to
Spain, a gateway to the European market.
'The fight against drugs cannot yield great results as long as
there is no economic alternative for the north and Europe continues
buying hashish,' said former agriculture minister Ismail Alaoui,
leader of the leftist Party of Progress and Socialism (PPS) which
belongs to the governing coalition.
Your Talkback on this Story