Lamphun, Thailand - What does Champagne, France's famous
sparkling wine, have in common with brocade silk produced in northern
Thailand? Not much, except that both products are protected by
Geographic Indication intellectual property rights.
Lamphun brocade silk received a Geographic Indication (GI)
certificate in October from Thailand's Intellectual Property Rights
Department, making it one of 23 Thai products to be registered for
domestic protection.
In south-east Asia, Thailand ranks first in terms of registered
GIs, a little-known form of intellectual property right that is only
beginning to take off in Asia.
'At first I didn't understand the idea of GI,' acknowledged
Salagan Parichatkeonak, owner of the of the Prichat Thai Silk company
in Lamphun, 600 kilometres north of Bangkok.
The company is one of six producers of Lamphun 'yok dok,' or
brocade, silk that will probably qualify for the GI label once it has
met all requirements set by the Lamphun Provincial Administration
Organization.
'If I get the GI I can raise my prices,' said Salagan.
Lamphun brocade silk is famous in Thailand for its high quality
and historical connections to the royal family, making it a target
for copycats.
Using a unique technique of dying, twisted threads and expert
weaving, dating back to the era of Thai King Chulalongkorn, who
reigned from 1868 to 1910, Lamphun brocade silk has found a special
market among the Thai royalty.
It has featured for instance prominently in Queen Sirikit's
wardrobe and was chosen to design six Thai traditional suits created
for King Bhumibol Adulyadej, according to Thai silk expert
Cheerachote Soontrak.
Brocade silk weaving was first introduced to Lamphun by Princess
Dara Rasamee, Chulalongkorn's fifth wife who learned the process when
she was in the Bangkok royal court.
Upon her return to northern Thailand, Rasamee taught the silk
weaving techniques to her relatives in Lamphun.
The artisans of Lamphun have preserved their traditional silk
weaving techniques over the decades, helping to qualify the silk for
a GI certificate as a handicraft, unique to the province.
Geographic Indication has been around as an intellectual property
right since the 1930s, when French wine growers appealed to their
government to provide protection for well-known brands such as
Bordeaux, Burgundy and Champagne in the aftermath of a insect plight
that wiped out their grape crops, giving rise to a plethora of
pretenders to meet demand.
In Europe, most GIs go to agricultural products, but the
protection can also be applied to handicrafts.
For Lamphun brocade silk, GI means not only protecting their
distinct product and being able to ask higher prices, but also
potential tourism revenues.
'In the future we hope to promote silk as one of Lamphun's tourism
attractions,' said Cheerachote, director of Lamphun's Hariphunchai
Institute of Hand-woven Fabric.
Unlike other forms of intellectual property rights, such as
patents, copyrights and trademarks, GI is fixed to its place of
origin, and cannot be 'delocalized.'
'What is here, stays here,' said Stephane Passeri, programme
administrator for the EC-ASEAN Intellectual Property Rights
Co-operation Programme. 'If you registered Lamphun brocade silk as a
trademark, it could be sold to a foreign company tomorrow and the
production could be shifted from Thailand to India using the same
name, and nobody would say anything.'
Unlike most other intellectual property rights, GI is never given
to a company, but rather to an association of producers who all come
from the same area and make the same product.
The European Union has been helping introduce the concept of GI to
the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) as part of their
commitment to the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Right (TRIPS) administered by the World Trade Organization.
TRIPS stipulates that the developed countries must help
developing ones to protect their own intellectual property rights.
'GI is an interesting way of doing this because it plays on the
advantages of the developing countries,' said Passeri, whose
programme has advised Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and
Vietnam develop GI-related legislation and start the process of
registering GI certificates.
The EU hopes to benefit by making ASEAN companies more aware of
the need to protect their intellectual property rights and those of
others.
'Doing a lot of work on GIs makes people more confident about the
benefits of intellectual property rights,' said Passeri.
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