May 5, 2008, 0:09 GMT
Santa Cruz, Bolivia - The referendum Sunday in the Bolivian province of Santa Cruz - which seeks more autonomy from the rest of the impoverished country - was marked by violence that left at least one person dead and 21 injured.
The referendum is part of a power struggle between Bolivia's poor, indigenous majority and Bolivians of European descent who populate the eastern part of the country, including relatively affluent Santa Cruz province.
One elderly woman died in the provincial capital, Santa Cruz, after she inhaled tear gas that had been used against demonstrators.
A reporter for Deutsche Presse-Agentur dpa and another journalist were attacked by pro-autonomy forces in the media centre in Santa Cruz as they tried to interview a member of the Movement Towards Socialism (MAS) of left-wing Bolivian President Evo Morales.
The most serious incidents took place in the poor neighbourhood of Plan 3,000, in the regional capital. The neighbourhood has some 200,000 residents, many of them from western Bolivia.
One of the injured, Laureano Rosa Fernandez, told dpa that he held the right-wing Union Juvenil Crucenista responsible for the attacks against him and others, and that both sides threw stones at each other.
Several people were stabbed in the clashes.
Morales regards the Union Juvenil Crucenista as street thugs for the pro-autonomy movement.
According to the regional electoral authority, there was violence in seven of the 268 voting centres in the region, but only some 3 per cent of the voters were expected to be unable to vote. Mario Parada, head of the regional electoral authority, blamed the violence on the central government.
Bolivian central electoral authorities have deemed the referendum illegal and warned that they would neither monitor nor acknowledge the results.
Shortly after the close of polling stations, television reports based on exit polls were reporting that the ballot proposal for increased autonomy had been approved with 82.7 per cent of the vote.
Hundreds of people went out to celebrate on the square 24 de Septiembre, before the seat of the provincial government, waving green and white provincial flags.
'We are going to make history, we cannot fail,' people sang.
Whole families went to the Roman Catholic Basilica de San Lorenzo to pray, while youths set off fireworks on the streets.
Observers invited by Santa Cruz authorities to oversee the referendum validated the election and stressed there were no major faults.
Opponents of the referendum alleged election fraud.
Morales supporters burned ballot boxes Saturday in Yapacani and San Julian in the first sign of potential violence over the vote.
At stake in the confrontation is control of the region's rich natural resources, and the issue has been brought to a head by Morales' ongoing nationalization of Bolivian's energy resources.
The issue is so heated that observers are not prepared to rule out a breakup of the landlocked country of 9 million people, situated in the Andes between Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Peru, over the conflict.
Tension has been growing since Morales, a former leader of Bolivian coca growers, was elected in late 2005 as the country's first indigenous president. He began nationalizing Bolivian energy resources two years ago to pay for government programmes in support of the Indio majority, who live mostly in the resource-poor western highlands.
The government announced Thursday that it had taken over four international energy companies and would also take control of a telecommunications firm.
The referendum is to be followed by ballot questions planned next month in three other provinces, also seeking greater autonomy.
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